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• Personalities
• Classical
• Composer
• Early Romantic
• Teacher

(Kärl Châr’-ne) 1791–1857 Austrian piano teacher and composer As the pupil of Beethoven and the teacher of Liszt, Czerny occupies an important historical position as a pianist and pedagogue, and forms a vital link between these two masters. He was immensely prolific, writing over 1,000 works, including the many volumes of technical studies for which he is ...

• Instruments
• Keyboards

and his teacher Clementi may be said to have represented the transition between the Classical and Romantic styles, their younger pupils and colleagues – most notably Liszt, Carl Czerny (1791–1857), Frédéric Kalkbrenner (1785–1849), Sigismund Thalberg (1812–71) and Henri Herz (1803–88) – allied themselves firmly with the latter. They were by no means the first composer-pianists to write immensely difficult ...

• Personalities
• Classical
• Composer
• Early Romantic
• Instrumentalist

(Frants List) 1811–86 Hungarian composer and pianist Liszt was one of the leading and most adventurous composers of the nineteenth century. His vast output is unusually complicated: many works exist in more than one version, and he was constantly revising and redrafting. His body of work may be somewhat uneven, but it should hardly be surprising if a composer at ...

• Personalities
• Classical
• Composer
• Early Romantic

piano as a virtuoso solo instrument, notably the Gradus ad Parnassum (‘Steps to Parnassus’) of Muzio Clementi (1752–1832), the studies of Johann Baptist Cramer (1771–1858) and the exercises of Czerny, but Chopin’s were a new departure in their combination of musical and poetic interest with technical demands: they stand as complete concert pieces, and might easily have carried ...